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Dēp inglisċ is moddern inglisċ wið old inglisċ orþografi. Simpliġ þat. Ċanċġing (or raðer cerfulliġ selecting) words wið þē gāl of a mār anglosaxon-līc inglisċ is a similar proċġect, but þis is nāht it. In mani weġs, it will fitt þē moddern inglisċ pronunsiasċens better and mor presīsliġ. Allsā, it will connect it mor tō oðer ġermannic langwiċġes, sins it will bē clāser tō old nors orþograficalliġ. For instans, standard “ice” is īs, clāser (or īdenticall) to old nors ís, hwiċ is difþongated in severall oðer langwiċġes þann inglisċ. For exampel in faroēs hwer it’s uis, or in Sætesdal in Norweġ wið þeyr æis, or ēven in ġermann wið Eis. Unlīk faroēs and sætesdalisċ, þe ġermann pronunsiasċen is īdenticall tō þē inglisċ. Þeġ ar bāþ ais.
A feō consistent ċanges ar f.ex. þatt -age in frenċ lānwords līk sausage and language gett þē ending -iċġ. Þerfor sawsiċġ (or sossiċġ?) and langwiċġ. Þiss sūnd is similar to þē sūnd in eċġ (edge) and it wuld þuss mak sens tō eōs þē sam spelling in lānwords, as if þeġ wer nativ. Þē ending -ise/-ize is simpliġ -īs, and e.g. colourise / colorize becoms colurīs. Þer ar nā inconsistensēs wið þiss rul and exepsċens in normall inglisċ dō nāht pleġ a part her.
| Normal pronunsiasċon | Exampels | Standard spelling | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | /aː/ befor sċort r | car, barn | car, barn | |
| /æ/ befor long consonants | catt, accsċen | cat, action | ||
| /ei/ befor sċort consonants | tac, bas, fas, nasċen | take, base, face, nation | ||
| /ɔː/ before ll (often) | wall, all | wall, all | ||
| ā | /əʊ/ | bāt, nā, þrā(w), pāker, ān | boat, no, throw, poker, own | |
| e | /ɛ/ | elk, belt, well, bedd | elk, belt, well, bed | |
| /ə/ hwen unstresst | nasċen, molten | nation | ||
| ē | /iː/ | þrē, ēt, rēd, grēf | three, eat, read, grief | |
| i | /i/ | bit(t), wind, wimenn | bit, wind, women | |
| ī | /ai/ | bīt, līk, līf, hwīl, fīr | bite, like, life, while, fire | |
| o | /o/ | top, lov, over | top, love, over | |
| ō | /uː/ | mōn, tō, rōd | moon, to, rude | |
| u | /ʌ/ befor long consonants | butt, muċ, crusċ | but, much, crush | |
| ū | /aʊ/ | hūs, nū, cū, hū | house, now, cow, how | |
| y | /i/ (for historical rēsens) | cyċen | kitchen | |
| ċ | /t͡ʃ/ | ċiccen, biċċ, hwiċċ | chicken, bitch, which | |
| sċ | /ʃ/ | sċēp, fisċ, sċīt, | sheep, fish, shite | |
| ġ | /j/ | ġet, ġat, ġē, ġēt | yet, yate, ye, yeet | |
| /ɪ/ after e | weġ, seġ, seġd | way, say, said | ||
| sīlent after i/ī | blodiġ, frendliġ, īġ (?) | bloody, friendly, I | ||
| /dʒ/ in lānwords | ġender, ġermann | gender, German | ||
| eō | /juː/ | neō, feō, ġeōl, ceōr, teōb | new, few, yule, cure, tube | |
| /uː/ after l, r and s | creō, leōd, ċeōs | crew, lewd, choose | ||
| (ēo) | /iː/ | bēor, þēod, rēoċ (rēoc) | beer, thede, reech (reek) | |
| cw | /kw/ | cwēn, acwīr, cwac | queen, aquire, quake | |
| hw | /ʍ/ (/hw/) or /w/ | hwat, hwīt, hwens | what, white, whence | |
| ċġ | /dʒ/ | eċġ, weċġ, langwiċġ | edge, wedge, language | |
| eġ | /ei/ | weġ, seġ, portreġ | way, say, portray | |
| aġ aw |
/ɔː/ | saġ, laġ, aġ(som), maġ (?) | saw, law, awe(some), maw | |
| raw, hawl, Gawl | raw, haul, Gaul | |||
| oġ | /əʊ/ | toġ | tow | |
| wā | /(w)uː/ | twā, hwā, swāp | two, who, swoop | |
| ir | /ɜː(r)/ | ċirċ, birþ | church, birth | |
| ih | /ai/ or /ɪx/ | hih | high | |
| iht | /ait/ or /ɪxt/ (/ɪçt/) | niht, liht, riht | night, light, right | |
| oht | /ɔːt/ or /ɔːxt/ | dohter | daughter/dochter |
Þē āld inglisċ difþong ēo has developt in varius weġs, but māstliġ tō īġðer /(j)u/ or /i/. Þē /i/ pronunsiasċen is consistent wið ēo in þē weġ þat þē ē didn't leōs its lengþ, but the o has disapperd. Wið /(j)u/, hūever, þē lengþ has sċifted tō þē o and turnt þē e intō an i-sūnd. Compare āld norse sēan > siā (sjá). þēs ċanċġes ar consitent enuġ tō mac þē spellings fit for modern inglisċ as well.
| Dēp inglisċ | Old inglisċ | Middel inglisċ | Standard spelling |
|---|---|---|---|
| appoloċġi | − | − | apology |
| āþ | āþ | ooth, oth, ath | oath, aith, athe |
| bacen | − | bacon | bacon |
| barbeceō | − | − | barbeque |
| ber | bera | bere | bear |
| bēr (bēor) | bēor | bere | beer |
| bred | brēad | bred, breed | bread |
| brēċes, brēċ | brēċ | breches, breche | breeches, breech |
| buruh, burh (?) | burh | borgh, burgh, buruh | borough, burgh, burch |
| ceċċup | − | − | ketchup |
| ceċċup | − | − | ketchup |
| Cēġiw | − | − | Kyiv, Kyjiv, Kyyiv |
| Cēġev | − | − | Kiev, Kief, Kiou |
| cnē | cnēow | kne | knee |
| cnīht (cniht) | cniht | kni(g)ht, knyght | knight, knicht |
| coler, colur (?) | − | colour, color | colour |
| crūn | − | coroune, crowne | crown |
| cū / cȳ(n) | cū / cȳ | cou, cu / kie, ky | cow / kine, ky |
| cwac | cwacian | quaken | quake |
| cwēn | cwēn | quene, queen, cwen | queen |
| cwic | cwic | quik, quic | quick |
| cyċen | cyċen, cyċene | kytchen, kichene | kitchen |
| Cwiddiċċ | − | − | Quidditch |
| ċēs | ċīese (ċēse?) | chese | cheese |
| ċġinċġer (???) | gingifer | gingere, gingivere | ginger |
| ċoclet | − | − | chocolate |
| ċeōs (sc. ċēos) | ċēosan | chosen, chesen | choose (scottisċ: cheese) |
| ċyccen, -i- | ċicen, ċycen | chiken | chicken |
| dāh (dāġ) | dāh, dāg | dow, dogh, dagh | dough, daich, dauch |
| dohter | dohtor, dohter | doughter, dohter | daughter, dochter |
| eċġ | eċġ | egge | edge |
| Ēċġypt | − | − | Egypt |
| eġ | īeġ | ei | ey |
| Eōcran / Eōcreġn | − | − | Ukraine |
| Eōrāp | − | Europe | Europe |
| eōw | ēow | yow | you |
| Ēþiāpia | − | − | Ethiopia |
| Farrā Īġlands | Faroe Islands | ||
| feō | fēaw | fewe | few |
| Frans | − | France | France |
| frīġdaġ | frīġedæġ | Friȝdæi, Fryda, Friday | Friday |
| gāst | gāst | gost, gast | ghost |
| ġeōl | ġeōl | yol | Yule |
| Grēs | − | − | Greece |
| hīh (hih) | hēah | high, heigh, heih | high |
| hūs | hūs | hous, hus | house |
| hwat | hwæt | what | what |
| hweġ | hweġ, hwæġ | whey, whei | whey |
| hweðer | hwæþer | − | whether |
| hwīl | hwīl | − | while |
| iċ, ic, ī (īġ) | iċ | ich, ik | ich, ik, I |
| inglisċ | ænglisċ | Englis(c)h, Inglis | English |
| īġland | īġland, īeġland | iland, yland, ylond | island |
| īs | īs | is | ice |
| lac | lacu | lake | lake |
| līf | līf | lif, lyf | life |
| līht (liht) | lēoht | light, liht, leoht | light |
| mann / menn | mann / menn | man, mon / men | man / men |
| mī, mīn | mīn | mi(n), my(n) | my, mine |
| Moroccā | − | − | Morocco |
| mōn | mōna | mone | moon |
| mūs / mȳs | mūs / mȳs | mous / mys | mouse / mice |
| naċċā | − | − | nacho |
| nahbūr (-ber) | nēahġebūr | neighebor | neighbour, nei(ch)bour |
Nāt: Is /nei-/ from nēah- + þē ġ in -ġebūr? Þat is, nēahġe- → neġ-. Or is it from nēah alān? |
|||
| nehst | nīehst | nehst, neghst, nexte | next |
| neō | nīwe, nēowe | newe | new |
| neōter | − | − | neuter |
| nīh (nih) | nēah | neygh | nigh, ney |
| nīht (niht) | niht, neht, næht | night(e), niȝt, naht | night, nicht |
| prēost | prēost | preest, prest | priest |
| Rām | − | − | Rome |
| Rīn | Rīn | Rine, Ryne | Rhine |
| Russċa | − | − | Russia |
| saws | − | sauce | sauce |
| scōl | scōl | scole, schole | school |
| sċēp | sċēap | sheep, scheep | sheep |
| sċīt | sċite (sċīte?) | scīte, schit, schyt | shite, shit |
| sċopp | sċoppa, sċeoppa | s(c)hoppe | shop |
| sċōh | sċōh | sho, shoo | shoe |
| sors (sawrs?) | − | sours | source |
| Span |
− | Spayne | Spain |
| strēm | strēam | streem, strem | stream |
| tac | tacan | taken | take |
| Tīland | − | − | Thailand |
| tōþ / tēþ | tōþ / tēþ | tothe / teth, ten | tooth / teeth |
| ūl | ūle | owle, oule | owl |
| weġ | weġ | way, wey | way |
| æsċ | æsċ | asshe | ash |
| þā(s) | þā | tho(s), tha | tho(se) |
| þāh (ðāh) | þēah | thaugh, thagh | though, thoch |
| þeft (þēoft?) | þīefþu | thefte | theft |
| þēof | þēof | theef | thief |
| þirtiġ | þritiġ | thriti | thirty |
| þrān | − | trone | throne |
| þrōh | þorh, þurh | thru(g)h, thruch | through |
| þūm, þum | þūma | thombe, thoume | thoum, thumb |
| þæt (ðæt). | þæt | that | that |
A word like actual gets tō or þrē c’s after ēċoðer, hwer þē last gets a dott: ac(c)ċuall. Tō mak it consistent wið accċuall pronunsiasċen, īġ havv ċāsen tō lēv þē etymoloċġical spelling wið act, as well as in accsċen. Cf. þē norwiċġen spelling aksjon (but danisċ aktion).
īġ am still nāht sċur hū tō wrīt sūnds þatt wern’t in old inglisċ, suċ as /dʒ/ in anlaut and /z/. Þēs ar written līk g- or j- and z in neō inglisċ (gender, jet, zap), butt nīðer ov þēs havv æniġ traddisċen in old inglisċ wrīting. ‹G› is /ɡ/, ‹ġ› is /j/ and ‹j› simpliġ dosn’t exist. Hā-ever, þē /dʒ/ sūnd dos exist, and is written līk ‹ċġ› in e.g. eċġ (standard edge), butt never in anlaut. Is þē solōsċen þenn tō wrīt ċġender and ċġet, ēven if ċġ- never occurrd in old inglisċ?
Hū wuld the /ʒ/ sūnd in e.g. measure bē written? Þiss is a borroġd sūnd, sā old inglisċ didn’t hav a spelling for it. Sins it’s līk a voesd sċ, wē culd meġbē wrīt it zċ? Mezċur.
Morocco allrediġ has allmāst þē best spelling it culd hav, butt sins þē -o is /əʊ/, it’s better wið -ā for fonoloċġicel rēsens. Þiss wuld bē þē sam as e.g. ċanċġing o tō á in īslandic to fitt þē pronunsiasċen /au/. Tō folloġ þiss rul sædliġ mēns tō lēv mor oriċġinall spellings līk open bēcaws ov þē /əʊ/ (open wuld just bē /open/. It has tō bē āpen.
Þē words follow and borrow com from old inglisċ folgian and borgian, sā wuld folġ and borġ (and meġbē swolġ) bē gōd spellings, if wē cnāw þatt ġ after ol and or bēcoms /əʊ/? Comper danisċ /bɔrv/ from borg. Bāþ oġ and orġ/olġ (and arġ/alġ?) gett þiss w-sūnd in inglisċ and danisċ. If wē folġ þiss rul, severall words will get a mor or less etymoloċġicall spelling, wiðūt it making it less fitt for þē pronunsiasċen. Suċ as borġ, folġ, swolġ as mensċend abov, þenn sorġ and marġ,
Mī hovercraft is full ov ēls.