Dēp inglisċ
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Dēp inglisċ is inglisċ ƿið old inglisċ orþografi. In mani ƿeġs, it’ll fitt þē moddern inglisċ pronunsiasċens better and mor presīsliġ. Allsā, it’ll connect it mor tō oðer ġermannic langƿiċġes, sins it’ll bē clāser tō old nors orþograficalliġ. For instans, standard “ice” is īs, clāser (or īdenticall) to old nors ís, hƿiċ is difþongated in severall oðer langƿiċġes þann inglisċ. For exampel in faroēs hƿer it’s uis, or in Sætesdal in Norƿeġ ƿið þeyr æis, or ēven in ġermann ƿið Eis. Unlīk faroēs and sætesdalisċ, þe ġermann pronunsiasċen is īdenticall tō þē inglisċ. Þeġ’r bāþ ais.
A feō consistent ċanges ar f.ex. þatt -age in frenċ lānƿords līk sausage and language gett þē ending -iċġ. Þerfor saƿsiċġ (or sossiċġ?) and langƿiċġ. Þiss sūnd is similar to þē sūnd in eċġ (edge) and it ƿuld þuss mak sens tō eōs þē sam spelling in lānƿords, as if þeġ ƿer nativ.
Þē ending -ise/-ize is simpliġ -īs, and e.g. colourise / colorize becoms colurīs. Þer ar nā inconsistensēs ƿið þiss rul and exepsċens in normall inglisċ dō nāht pleġ a part her.
Spelling ċanges and pronunsiasċens:
| Normal pronunsiasċon | Exampels | Standard spelling | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | /aː/ befor sċort r | car, barn | car, barn |
| /æ/ befor long consonants | catt, accsċen | cat, action | |
| /ei/ befor sċort consonants | tac, bas, fas, nasċen | take, base, face, nation | |
| /ɔː/ before ll (often) | ƿall, all | wall, all | |
| ā | /əʊ/ | bāt, nā, þrā(ƿ), pāker, ān | boat, no, throw, poker, own |
| e | /ɛ/ | elk, belt, ƿell, bedd | elk, belt, well, bed |
| /ə/ hƿen unstresst | nasċen, molten | nation | |
| ē | /iː/ | þrē, ēt, rēd, grēf | three, eat, read, grief |
| i | /i/ | bit(t), ƿind, ƿimenn | bit, wind, women |
| ī | /ai/ | bīt, līk, līf, hƿīl, fīr | bite, like, life, while, fire |
| o | /o/ | top, lov, over | top, love, over |
| ō | /uː/ | mōn, tō, rōd | moon, to, rude |
| u | /ʌ/ befor long consonants | butt, muċ, crusċ | but, much, crush |
| ū | /aʊ/ | hūs, nū, cū, hū | house, noƿ, coƿ, hoƿ |
| y | /i/ (for historical rēsens) | cyċen | kitchen |
| ċ | /t͡ʃ/ | ċiccen, biċċ, hƿiċċ | chicken, bitch, which |
| sċ | /ʃ/ | sċēp, fisċ, sċīt, | sheep, fish, shite |
| ġ | /j/ | ġet, ġat, ġē, ġēt | yet, yate, ye, yeet |
| /ɪ/ after e | ƿeġ, seġ, seġd | way, say, said | |
| sīlent after i/ī | blodiġ, frendliġ, īġ | bloody, friendly, I | |
| /dʒ/ in lānƿords | ġender, ġermann | gender, German | |
| eō | /juː/ | neō, feō, ġeōl, ceōr, teōb | new, few, yule, cure, tube |
| /uː/ after l, r and s | creō, leōd, ċeōs | crew, lewd, choose | |
| (ēo) | /iː/ | bēor, þēod, rēoċ (rēoc) | beer, thede, reech (reek) |
| cƿ | /kw/ | cƿēn, acƿīr, cƿac | queen, aquire, quake |
| hƿ | /ʍ/ (/hw/) or /w/ | hƿat, hƿīt, hƿens | what, white, whence |
| ċġ | /dʒ/ | eċġ, ƿeċġ, langƿiċġ | edge, wedge, language |
| eġ | /ei/ | ƿeġ, seġ, portreġ | way, say, portray |
| aġ aƿ |
/ɔː/ | saġ, laġ, aġ(som), maġ (?) | saw, law, awe(some), maw |
| raƿ, haƿl, Gaƿl | raw, haul, Gaul | ||
| oġ | /əʊ/ | toġ | tow |
| ƿā | /(w)uː/ | tƿā, hƿā, sƿāp | two, who, swoop |
| ir | /ɜː(r)/ | ċirċ, birþ | church, birth |
Āld inglisċ ēo
Þē āld inglisċ difþong ēo has developt in varius weġs, but māstliġ tō īġðer /(j)u/ or /i/. Þē /i/ pronunsiasċen is consistent wið ēo in þē weġ þat þē ē didn't leōs its lengþ, but the o has disapperd. Wið /(j)u/, hūever, þē lengþ has sċifted tō þē o and turnt þē e intō an i-sūnd. Compare āld norse sēan > siā (sjá). þēs ċanċġes ar consitent enuġ tō mac þē spellings fit for modern inglisċ as well.
Ƿordlist:
| Dēp inglisċ | Old inglisċ | Middel inglisċ | Standard spelling |
|---|---|---|---|
| appoloċġi | − | − | apology |
| bacen | − | bacon | bacon |
| barbeceō | − | − | barbeque |
| ber | bera | bere | bear |
| bēr (bēor) | bēor | bere | beer |
| bred | brēad | bred, breed | bread |
| brēċes, brēċ | brēċ | breches, breche | breeches, breech |
| buruh, burh (?) | burh | borgh, burgh, buruh | borough |
| ceċċup | − | − | ketchup |
| cnē | cnēoƿ | kne | knee |
| cnīht (cniht) | cniht | kni(g)ht, knyght | knight |
| coler, colur (?) | − | colour, color | colour |
| crūn | − | coroune, crowne | crown |
| cū / cȳ(n) | cū / cȳ | cou, cu / kie, ky | cow / kine, ky |
| cƿac | cƿacian | quaken | quake |
| cƿēn | cƿēn | quene, queen, cwen | queen |
| cƿic | cƿic | quik, quic | quick |
| cyċen | cyċen, cyċene | kytchen, kichene | kitchen |
| Cƿiddiċċ | − | − | Quidditch |
| ċēs | ċīese (ċēse?) | chese | cheese |
| ċġinċġer (???) | gingifer | gingere, gingivere | ginger |
| ċoclet | − | − | chocolate |
| ċeōs (sc. ċēos) | ċēosan | chosen, chesen | choose (scottisċ: cheese) |
| ċyccen, -i- | ċicen, ċycen | chiken | chicken |
| dāh (dāġ) | dāh, dāg | dow, dogh, dagh | dough |
| eċġ | eċġ | egge | edge |
| eġ | īeġ | ei | ey |
| eōƿ | ēoƿ | yow | you |
| Ēċġypt | − | − | Egypt |
| Ēþiāpia | − | − | Ethiopia |
| Farrā Īġlands | Faroe Islands | ||
| feō | fēaƿ | fewe | few |
| Frans | − | France | France |
| frīġdaġ | frīġedæġ | Friȝdæi, Fryda, Friday | Friday |
| gāst | gāst | gost, gast | ghost |
| ġeōl | ġeōl | yol | Yule |
| Grēs | − | − | Greece |
| hīh (hih) | hēah | high, heigh, heih | high |
| hūs | hūs | hous, hus | house |
| hƿat | hƿæt | what | what |
| hƿeġ | hƿeġ, hƿæġ | whey, whei | whey |
| hƿeðer | hƿæþer | − | whether |
| hƿīl | hƿīl | − | while |
| inglisċ | ænglisċ | Englis(c)h, Inglis | English |
| īġland | īġland, īeġland | iland, yland, ylond | island |
| īs | īs | is | ice |
| lac | lacu | lake | lake |
| līf | līf | lif, lyf | life |
| līht (liht) | lēoht | light, liht, leoht | light |
| mann / menn | mann / menn | man, mon / men | man / men |
| mī, mīn | mīn | mi(n), my(n) | my, mine |
| Moroccā | − | − | Morocco |
| mōn | mōna | mone | moon |
| mūs / mȳs | mūs / mȳs | mous / mys | mouse / mice |
| naċċā | − | − | nacho |
| neō | nīƿe, nēoƿe | newe | new |
| neōter | − | − | neuter |
| nīht (niht) | niht, neht, næht | night(e), niȝt, naht | night |
| prēost | prēost | preest, prest | priest |
| Rām | − | − | Rome |
| Rīn | Rīn | Rine, Ryne | Rhine |
| Russċa | − | − | Russia |
| saƿs | − | sauce | sauce |
| scōl | scōl | scole, schole | school |
| sċēp | sċēap | sheep, scheep | sheep |
| sċīt | sċite (sċīte?) | scīte, schit, schyt | shite, shit |
| sċopp | sċoppa, sċeoppa | s(c)hoppe | shop |
| sċōh | sċōh | sho, shoo | shoe |
| sors (saƿrs?) | − | sours | source |
| Span |
− | Spayne | Spain |
| strēm | strēam | streem, strem | stream |
| tac | tacan | taken | take |
| Tīland | − | − | Thailand |
| tōþ / tēþ | tōþ / tēþ | tothe / teth, ten | tooth / teeth |
| ūl | ūle | owle, oule | owl |
| ƿeġ | ƿeġ | way, wey | way |
| æsċ | æsċ | asshe | ash |
| þā(s) | þā | tho(s), tha | tho(se) |
| þāh (ðāh) | þēah | thaugh, thagh | though |
| þeft (þēoft?) | þīefþu | thefte | theft |
| þēof | þēof | theef | thief |
| þirtiġ | þritiġ | thriti | thirty |
| þrān | − | trone | throne |
| þrōh | þorh, þurh | thru(g)h, thruch | through |
| þūm, þum | þūma | thombe, thoume | thoum, thumb |
| þæt (ðæt). | þæt | that | that |
Nāts:
A word like actual gets tō or þrē c’s after ēċoðer, hwer þē last gets a dott: ac(c)ċuall. Tō mak it consistent wið accċuall pronunsiasċen, īġ’v ċāsen tō lēv þē etymoloċġical spelling wið act, as well as in accsċen. Cf. þē norwiċġen spelling aksjon (but danisċ aktion).
īġ’m still nāht sċur hū tō wrīt sūnds þatt wern’t in old inglisċ, suċ as /dʒ/ in anlaut and /z/. Þēs ar written līk g- or j- and z in neō inglisċ (gender, jet, zap), butt nīðer ov þēs havv æniġ traddisċen in old inglisċ wrīting. ‹G› is /ɡ/, ‹ġ› is /j/ and ‹j› simpliġ dosn’t exist. Hā-ever, þē /dʒ/ sūnd dos exist, and is written līk ‹ċġ› in e.g. eċġ (standard edge), butt never in anlaut. Is þē solōsċen þenn tō wrīt ċġender and ċġet, ēven if ċġ- never occurrd in old inglisċ?
Hū wuld the /ʒ/ sūnd in e.g. measure bē written? Þiss is a borroġd sūnd, sā old inglisċ didn’t hav a spelling for it. Sins it’s līk a voesd sċ, wē culd meġbē wrīt it zċ? Mezċur.
Morocco allrediġ has allmāst þē best spelling it culd hav, butt sins þē -o is /əʊ/, it’s better wið -ā for fonoloċġicel rēsens. Þiss wuld bē þē sam as e.g. ċanċġing o tō á in īslandic to fitt þē pronunsiasċen /au/. Tō folloġ þiss rul sædliġ mēns tō lēv mor oriċġinall spellings līk open bēcaws ov þē /əʊ/ (open wuld just bē /open/. It has tō bē āpen.
Þē words follow and borrow com from old inglisċ folgian and borgian, sā wuld folġ and borġ (and meġbē swolġ) bē gōd spellings, if wē cnāw þatt ġ after ol and or bēcoms /əʊ/? Comper danisċ /bɔrv/ from borg. Bāþ oġ and orġ/olġ (and arġ/alġ?) gett þiss w-sūnd in inglisċ and danisċ. If wē folġ þiss rul, severall words will get a mor or less etymoloċġicall spelling, wiðūt it making it less fitt for þē pronunsiasċen. Suċ as borġ, folġ, swolġ as mensċend abov, þenn sorġ and marġ,
Mī hovercraft is full ov ēls.